List of European Union member states by accession

Contents
██ The European Union as a single entity. (world map)
██ The European Union as a single entity. (world map)

This is a list of European Union member states, their dates of application and accession. It shows the growth of the European Union and its predecessors through enlargement from six members in 1952 to twenty-seven members in 2007; as of 2007, at least seven (possibly even more) are expected to join in its future.

The European Union per se was created on 1 November 1993 when the Treaty on European Union came into effect.[1] Twelve of the current twenty-seven member states joined one of the Union's predecessors, either the European Coal and Steel Community (which came into existence on 23 July 1952[2] and ceased to exist exactly 50 years later[3]), the European Economic Community (which came into existence on 1 January 1958[4]), or the European Community (which came into existence on 1 July 1967 as a merger of ECSC, EEC and the European Atomic Energy Community,[5] and is one of the three pillars of the European Union today).

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Candidate countries

██ current members ██ candidate countries ██ potential candidate countries ██ application frozen ██ application rejected by EC ██ accession rejected in a referendum (world map)
██ current members ██ candidate countries ██ potential candidate countries ██ application frozen ██ application rejected by EC ██ accession rejected in a referendum (world map)

In addition to the current twenty-seven member states, a number of other countries are expected to join the European Union in the next two decades. Croatia, the Republic of Macedonia and Turkey are officially candidate countries; Croatia and Turkey are currently in accession negotiations,[6] while negotiations with the Republic of Macedonia are expected to start in 2007.[7] The remaining states in the Balkans (Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro and Serbia, including Kosovo under United Nations Security Council Resolution 1244 of 10 June 1999) are officially "potential candidate countries", which means they have a clear perspective for accession over the course of the next decade.[8]

The European Union's Enlargement Commissioner Olli Rehn originally stated that the next enlargement after Bulgaria and Romania would only happen after 2010, due to the European Union's need to sort out its institutional problems first,[9] the European Commission's President José Manuel Durão Barroso later stated that the provisions in the Treaty of Nice were clear enough; while he considered institutional reform necessary, it was not intended to be a stumbling bloc for countries seeking to join the European Union.[10] However, on 25 September 2006 (the day before the accession date of Bulgaria and Romania was officially made public), Barroso stated that a new treaty would be necessary before further enlargement could occur.[11]

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Countries who failed to join or left

The flag of the Council of Europe and the European Union.
The flag of the Council of Europe and the European Union.

Not all accession attempts have been successful, though, and on one occasion a territory even left the European Union (then European Community).

  • While Norway had completed European Community/European Union accession negotiations twice already (with the proposed accession dates having been 1 January 1973 and 1 January 1995, respectively), the accession failed both times when the Norwegians rejected membership in referenda (on 25 September 1972[15] and 28 November 1994[16]).
  • The Danish autonomous territory of Greenland initially joined the European Community together with Denmark, but left on 1 February 1985 after it had acquired home rule and had held a referendum on the issue.[17]
  • Morocco applied to join in 1987, but was rejected by the European Council because it was not considered a European country and therefore not eligible to join.[18] (Interestingly, the Copenhagen criteria had not yet been formally agreed upon at that time.)
  • Although Switzerland applied to join in 1992, it froze its application after accession to the European Economic Area was rejected in a referendum on 6 December 1992.[19]
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Future prospects

██ member states ██ membership is declared goal ██ membership under discussion (world map)
██ member states ██ membership is declared goal ██ membership under discussion (world map)
This section is incomplete. You can help by adding information about the current situation in the European microstates Monaco and Vatican City, as well as in associated territories (especially Greenland).

It is generally assumed that even with the accession of the states of southeastern Europe, the process of enlargement will not be finished.[20]

European countries

Armenia,[21][22] Georgia,[23] Moldova[24][25] and Ukraine[26][27][28][29] have stated they would like to join the European Union; however, the European Union's response was lukewarm at best.[30] European Union membership is also the subject of political debate in Andorra,[31][32] Azerbaijan,[33] the Faroe Islands,[34] Iceland,[35] Liechtenstein[36] and San Marino,[37] and the debates in Norway[38] and Switzerland[39] are also still ongoing. While Belarus[40] and Russia[41] are also seen as eligible to join, and while accession to the European Union enjoys public support in Belarus,[42] the lack of democratic structures makes these countries' accession impossible in the short term, especially as the European Union is supporting the Belarussian opposition and civil society in peacefully overthrowing Alexander Lukashenko's regime, which it regards as dictatorial,[43][44] going so far as to offer concrete benefits for democratic reforms.[45][46][47] Furthermore, the European Union is trying to bind Russia more strongly to its own policies and goals through partnership and cooperation agreements.[48]

Non-European countries

Although the Treaty of Maastricht states that only European countries may apply, a number of countries not generally considered European have also considered membership bids.

The island nation of Cape Verde, part of the island region Macaronesia (which is comprised of Cape Verde, the Portuguese islands of the Azores and Madeira and the Spanish Canary Islands) has stated it wishes to join the European Union.[49][50][51] Israel has considered applying for membership;[52] while the European Union and Israel share a common culture, history and society, the ongoing Arab-Israeli and Israeli-Palestinian conflicts and Israel's location in one of the most conflict-ridden regions of the world would be major arguments against its accession. Finally, even Canada's accession has occasionally been proposed, though often rather in a tongue-in-cheek manner;[53] the main arguments used are the very similar cultural standards and viewpoints on matters of international law, especially when juxtaposed with those of the United States. None of the three countries is a member of the Council of Europe, which is a de facto prerequisite for membership under the Copenhagen criteria and the Treaty of Maastricht.

It is generally expected that the states of southeastern Europe will be the next states to join the European Union, and that it will still take some time for Iceland, Norway and Switzerland to join, since public opinion is not yet in favour in those three states. Although Olli Rehn said on 19 May 2006 that he expected Iceland to join the European Union before Croatia would;[54][55] he went back on his statement when he stated on 1 December 2006 that Croatia would likely become the European Union's 28th member state.[56]

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Listed by accession date

# State Accession Special territories[A]
1–6 Flag of Belgium Belgium 23 July 1952 (ECSC)
1 January 1958 (EEC)		 —
Flag of France France
excl. Flag of French Polynesia French Polynesia,[C] Flag of New Caledonia New Caledonia,[D] Flag of Wallis and Futuna Wallis and Futuna
excl. Flag of French Southern Territories French Southern Territories, Flag of Mayotte Mayotte,[E] Flag of Saint-Pierre and Miquelon Saint-Pierre and Miquelon
Flag of Italy Italy —
Flag of Luxembourg Luxembourg —
Flag of Netherlands Netherlands
Flag of West Germany West Germany[G1] —
7–9 Flag of Denmark Denmark 1 January 1973 (EC)
excl. the Flag of Faroe Islands Faroe Islands,[H] Flag of Greenland Greenland[I] (see above)
Flag of Republic of Ireland Ireland —
Flag of United Kingdom United Kingdom[J]
incl. Flag of Gibraltar Gibraltar
10 Flag of Greece Greece 1 January 1981 (EC) —
11–12 Flag of Portugal Portugal 1 January 1986 (EC) —
Flag of Spain Spain —
13–15 Flag of Austria Austria 1 January 1995 —
Flag of Finland Finland
Flag of Sweden Sweden —
16–25 Flag of Cyprus Cyprus[L] 1 May 2004
excl. Akrotiri and Dhekelia[K2] (de iure and de facto)
excl. Flag of Cyprus Cyprus area not under its effective control, the UN Buffer Zone (de facto)
Flag of Czech Republic Czech Republic —
Flag of Estonia Estonia —
Flag of Hungary Hungary —
Flag of Latvia Latvia —
Flag of Lithuania Lithuania —
Flag of Malta Malta —
Flag of Poland Poland —
Flag of Slovakia Slovakia —
Flag of Slovenia Slovenia —
26–27 Flag of Bulgaria Bulgaria 1 January 2007 —
Flag of Romania Romania —
TBD Flag of Croatia Croatia in accession negotiations —
Flag of Turkey Turkey —
Flag of Republic of Macedonia Republic of Macedonia[M1] candidate country —
Flag of Albania Albania potential candidate country —
Flag of Bosnia and Herzegovina Bosnia and Herzegovina —
Flag of Montenegro Montenegro —
Flag of Serbia Serbia —
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Listed by application date

# State Application Result/status
— Flag of Belgium Belgium — founding members
Flag of France France
Flag of Italy Italy
Flag of Luxembourg Luxembourg
Flag of Netherlands Netherlands
Flag of West Germany West Germany[G2]
1 Flag of Republic of Ireland Ireland 1st: 31 July 1961
2nd: 11 May 1967		 1st: withdrawn after Charles de Gaulle vetoed the United Kingdom's application
2nd: joined 1 January 1973
2–3 Flag of Denmark Denmark 1st: 10 August 1961
2nd: 11 May 1967
Flag of United Kingdom United Kingdom 1st: 10 August 1961
2nd: 10 May 1967		 1st: vetoed by Charles de Gaulle on 14 January 1963
2nd: joined 1 January 1973
4 Flag of Norway Norway 1st: 30 April 1962
2nd: 21 July 1967
3rd: 25 November 1992		 1st: withdrawn after Charles de Gaulle vetoed the United Kingdom's application
2nd: withdrawn after a referendum on 25 September 1972
3rd: withdrawn after a referendum on 28 November 1994
5 Flag of Greece Greece 12 June 1975 joined 1 January 1981
6 Flag of Portugal Portugal 28 March 1977 joined 1 January 1986
7 Flag of Spain Spain 28 July 1977
8 Flag of Turkey Turkey 14 April 1987 candidate country, in accession negotiations
9 Flag of Morocco Morocco 20 July 1987 rejected by the European Council (see geographic criteria)
10 Flag of Austria Austria 17 July 1989 joined 1 January 1995
11–12 Flag of Cyprus Cyprus 3 July 1990 joined 1 May 2004
Flag of Malta Malta
13 Flag of Sweden Sweden 1 July 1991 joined 1 January 1995
14 Flag of Finland Finland 18 March 1992
15 Flag of Switzerland Switzerland 25 May 1992 frozen after EEA membership was rejected in a referendum on 6 December 1992
16 Flag of Hungary Hungary 31 March 1994 joined 1 May 2004
17 Flag of Poland Poland 5 April 1994
18 Flag of Romania Romania 22 June 1995 joined 1 January 2007
19 Flag of Slovakia Slovakia 27 June 1995 joined 1 May 2004
20 Flag of Latvia Latvia 13 October 1995
21 Flag of Estonia Estonia 24 November 1995
22 Flag of Lithuania Lithuania 8 December 1995
23 Flag of Bulgaria Bulgaria 14 December 1995 joined 1 January 2007
24 Flag of Czech Republic Czech Republic 17 January 1996 joined 1 May 2004
25 Flag of Slovenia Slovenia 10 June 1996
26 Flag of Croatia Croatia 21 February 2003 candidate country, in accession negotiations
27 Flag of Republic of Macedonia Republic of Macedonia[M2] 24 March 2004 candidate country
TBD Flag of Albania Albania not yet potential candidate country, Stabilisation and Association Agreement (SAA) signed on 12 June 2006;[57] yet to be ratified by twenty-four EU member states (all except Latvia) and the European Parliament (compare this for ratification progress)
Flag of Montenegro Montenegro potential candidate country, in SAA negotiations since 10 October 2005 (as part of Serbia and Montenegro), mandate for separate negotiations confirmed on 24 July,[58] negotiations restarted on 26 September 2006,[59] negotiations finished 1 December 2006[60]
Flag of Serbia Serbia[N] potential candidate country, in SAA negotiations since 10 October 2005 (as Serbia and Montenegro), suspended since 3 May 2006 over non-arrest of Ratko Mladić,[61] mandate for separate negotiations confirmed on 24 July without lifting the suspension[58]
Flag of Bosnia and Herzegovina Bosnia and Herzegovina potential candidate country, in SAA negotiations since 25 October 2005, conclusion only possible after police reforms have been carried out[62][63][64]
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Timeline

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Notes

A↑ : Under the provisions of the Antarctic Treaty System, the territorial claims of France and the United Kingdom (Adélie Land and the British Antarctic Territory, respectively) have been frozen (along with the claims made by five other states) since 23 June 1961; consequently, ISO 3166-1 catalogues the whole of Antarctica as international territory under the code ATA since 1979. However, European Union treaties (e.g. the proposed Treaty establishing a Constitution for Europe in its Annex II[65]) nonetheless list those territories as associated with the European Union.
B↑ : The communes of Saint-Barthélemy and Saint-Martin decided (in referenda held on 7 December 2003) to become separate overseas collectivities (French: collectivités d'outre-mer or COM). This change will be implemented in early 2007; Saint-Barthélemy and Saint-Martin will thereby change in status from being integral parts of the European Union to become associated territories (like Greenland).[66]
C↑ : The local politics of French Polynesia are dominated by the dichotomy of independence vs. continued relations with France;[67] while independence has officially been recognised as a possibility by President Jacques Chirac, he and some local politicians remain sceptical.[68]
D↑ : The Nouméa Accord, which was signed on 5 May 1998 and put to a referendum in New Caledonia on 8 November 1998 (which succeeded with 72 per cent support), gives New Caledonia the right to hold an independence referendum between 2014 and 2018.[69]
E↑ : After 2010, Mayotte's General Council (French: Conseil Général) can propose further evolution of its status, with the likely result of Mayotte becoming the fifth overseas department (French: département d'outre-mer) of France.[70]
F↑ : The Netherlands Antilles will be restructured on 1 July 2007. Curaçao and Sint Maarten will become countries inside the Kingdom of the Netherlands (together with Aruba and the Netherlands per se). Bonaire, Saba and Sint Eustatius will become part of the Netherlands as the Kingdom Islands, and will thereby also become part of the European Union.[71]
G1 2 : On 3 October 1990, Flag of East Germany East Germany joined Flag of West Germany West Germany through the process of German reunification; since then, the reunited Flag of Germany Germany has been a single member state.[72]
H↑ : After World War II (during which the Faroe Islands were under British occupation) the Faroe Islands had already held a referendum on independence on 14 September 1946, which turned out 48.7 per cent to 47 per cent in favour. They declared independence on 18 September 1946; however, this declaration was annulled by Denmark on 20 September 1946. As a reaction to the growing self-government and independence movements, Denmark granted the Faroe Islands home-rule on 30 March 1948.[73] A second independence referendum which had been scheduled for 26 May 2001[74] was postponed when it became clear that the Danish government would only continue to give financial aid for four more years if the referendum turned out to be in favour of independence.[75]
I↑ : There is strong support for independence among Greenland's population.[76] However, a referendum initially planned in 2003 to be held before 2006[77] had been postponed to an unknown date due to an unanticipated early election. Denmark and Greenland established a joint commission to draft a report on possibilities for Greenland to achieve greater independence, which is set to be submitted in September 2007.
J↑ : In Bermuda,[78] Montserrat[79] and in the Turks and Caicos Islands,[80] there is strong support for eventual independence from the United Kingdom; the British government has stated that it is prepared to back and encourage any of its current Caribbean overseas territories which wishes to attain independence.[81] Support for independence is less prevalent in Anguilla and the British Virgin Islands,[82] and the Cayman Islands have repeatedly stated that they are strongly against becoming independent at the current time.[83][84]
As far as the non–Caribbean overseas territories are concerned, the Falkland Islands consider independence a long–term option,[85] while neither Saint Helena[86] nor the Pitcairn Islands[87] are currently considering independence. The British Indian Ocean Territory and South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands have no native population, though the Ilois (who had been removed from the British Indian Ocean Territory in 1966) have been granted the right to return by the British High Court of Justice on 3 November 2000 and again on 11 May 2006, overturning an Order-in-Council which was meant to overrule the court's earlier decision.[88] Furthermore, the United Kingdom assured Flag of Mauritius Mauritius that it would hand over the British Indian Ocean Territory once it was not needed any longer for military reasons.[89] The United States' lease for the military base on Diego Garcia expires in 2016, although there is an option for the extension of the agreement until 2036.
K1 2 : The UK Sovereign Base Areas of Akrotiri (Ακρωτήρι/Agrotur) and Dhekelia (Δεκέλεια/Dikelya) on Cyprus did not join the European Union when the United Kingdom joined, and Cyprus' Accession Treaty specifically stated that this would not change with the accession of Cyprus to the European Union. The proposed Annan Plan for Cyprus had included a provision for the United Kingdom to cede 117 km² of the Sovereign Base Areas' 254 km² to the United Cyprus Republic.[90]
L↑ : Officially, the whole island is part of the European Union and Turkish Cypriots are citizens of the European Union. Since the Greek Cypriot side rejected the Annan Plan for the reunification of the southern part and the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus in a referendum on 24 April 2004, however, European Union law is only applied in the southern part currently. Had the referendum been in favour on both sides of the island, Cyprus, Northern Cyprus and the UN Buffer Zone would have joined the European Union together as the United Cyprus Republic. Talks on resolving the Cyprus dispute restarted in July 2006 under United Nations supervision;[91][92] Cypriot reunification is supported by the European Union.[93]
M1 2 : As the result of a naming dispute with Greece, the Republic of Macedonia is officially referred to as the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia (FYROM) by the European Union.[94] Negotiations on the issue are still underway under United Nations supervision, and are expected to gain speed after the Macedonian parliamentary election was held on 5 July 2006.[95][96]
N↑ : Including Kosovo under United Nations Security Council Resolution 1244 of 10 June 1999.[97] The future status of Kosovo is currently being negotiated between the Serbs and the Kosovo Albanians in talks held in Vienna under the supervision of the United Nations, with the Kosovo Albanians demanding full independence and the Serbs rejecting anything more than complete autonomy.[98] A final decision is expected after the upcoming Serbian elections on 21 January 2007.[99]
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References

  1. ↑ European Commission (2005-11-10). 1993. The History of the European Union. Retrieved on 2006-01-18.
  2. ↑ European Commission (2005-11-10). 1952. The History of the European Union. Retrieved on 2006-01-18.
  3. ↑ European Commission (2005-11-10). 2002. The History of the European Union. Retrieved on 2006-01-18.
  4. ↑ European Commission (2005-11-10). 1958. The History of the European Union. Retrieved on 2006-01-18.
  5. ↑ European Commission (2005-11-10). 1967. The History of the European Union. Retrieved on 2006-01-18.
  6. ↑ European Commission (2006-03-13). Candidate Countries. Enlargement Countries. Retrieved on 2006-03-23.
  7. ↑ Ayliffe, Daisy. "Macedonia braced for tough EU review", theparliament.com, 2006-10-27. Retrieved on 2006-10-28.
  8. ↑ European Commission (2006-03-13). Potential Candidate Countries. Enlargement Countries. Retrieved on 2006-03-23.
  9. ↑ Staff writer. "Rehn: Croatia will not join EU before 2010", EurActiv, 2006-06-09. Retrieved on 2006-06-12.
  10. ↑ Staff writer. "EU expansion possible without constitution — Barroso", Reuters, 2006-07-03. Retrieved on 2006-07-03.
  11. ↑ White, Anne-France. "Barroso urges halt to EU enlargement", theparliament.com, 2006-09-25. Retrieved on 2006-09-25.
  12. ↑ Ministry of European Integration (2005-04-20). Ministarstvo vanjskih poslova i europskih integracija / Ministry of Foreign Affairs and European Integration. Retrieved on 2006-06-24.
  13. ↑ Secretariat for European Affairs (2006-06-24). Secretariat for European Affairs / Секретаријат за европски прашања. Retrieved on 2006-06-24.
  14. ↑ Secretariat General for the European Union Affairs (2006-07-03). Secretariat General for the European Union Affairs / Avrupa Birliği Genel Sekreterliği. Retrieved on 2006-07-03.
  15. ↑ European Commission (2005-11-10). 1972. The History of the European Union. Retrieved on 2006-01-18.
  16. ↑ European Commission (2005-11-10). 1994. The History of the European Union. Retrieved on 2006-01-18.
  17. ↑ European Commission (2005-11-10). 1985. The History of the European Union. Retrieved on 2006-01-18.
  18. ↑ Staff writer. "EU Mulls Deeper Policy Cooperation with Morocco", Defense News, 2006-03-22. Retrieved on 2006-07-04.
  19. ↑ British Embassy, Berne (2006-07-04). EU and Switzerland. The UK & Switzerland. Retrieved on 2006-07-04.
  20. ↑ Staff writer. "European Union enlargement — Now that we are all bundled inside, let's shut the door", The Economist, 2005-04-28. Retrieved on 2006-09-10.
  21. ↑ Danielyan, Emil. "Armenian Speaker At Odds With Government Over NATO Membership", EurasiaNet, 2006-05-05. Retrieved on 2006-05-06.
  22. ↑ Staff writer. "Armenian Parliament speaker Speaker reaffirms Yerevan wish to join EU", ITAR-TASS, 2006-06-13. Retrieved on 2006-06-21.
  23. ↑ Nadler, Gerald. "Saakashvili: Georgia Will Join NATO, EU", ABC News, 2005-09-14. Retrieved on 2006-03-23.
  24. ↑ Staff writer. "Moldova seeks Latvia's help to become EU associate member", EUbusiness, 2005-09-27. Retrieved on 2006-03-23.
  25. ↑ Staff writer. "Moldova pursues EU ambitions despite nagging separatist problem", EUbusiness, 2006-09-15. Retrieved on 2006-09-15.
  26. ↑ Graupner, Hardy. "Ukraine's President Stresses Aim to Join EU", Deutsche Welle, 2005-03-09. Retrieved on 2006-03-23.
  27. ↑ Varfolomeyev, Oleg. "Yushchenko, Yanukovych reach compromise", The Jamestown Foundation, 2006-08-04. Retrieved on 2006-08-05.
  28. ↑ Staff writer. "Ukraine PM keen on EU integration", EUbusiness, 2006-09-14. Retrieved on 2006-09-15.
  29. ↑ Staff writer. "Ukraine strives for closer ties to Europe at summit with European Union", International Herald Tribune, 2006-10-26. Retrieved on 2006-10-27.
  30. ↑ O'Rourke, Breffni. "EU: Brussels Says No Point In Near Neighbors Seeking To Join Union Now", Radio Free Europe, 2005-05-04. Retrieved on 2006-03-23.
  31. ↑ Staff writer. "Andorra flirts with closer EU relationship", EuroNews, 2006-05-10. Retrieved on 2006-05-10.
  32. ↑ Staff writer. "Kooperationsvereinbarung mit der EU abgeschlossen", Andorra-Intern, 2004-05-01. Retrieved on 2007-01-01. (German)
  33. ↑ Staff writer. "Lithuania to aid Azeri EU integration", AzerNEWS, 2006-06-14. Retrieved on 2006-06-16.
  34. ↑ Spongenberg, Helena. "Fish keep Faroe Islands at a distance from EU", EUobserver, 2006-05-04. Retrieved on 2006-05-06.
  35. ↑ Staff writer. "Iceland and the European integration", Icelandic Ministry of Justice and Ecclesiastical Affairs, 2005-05-31. Retrieved on 2006-05-06.
  36. ↑ Greber, Wolfgang. ""EU-Beitritt ist kein Thema"", Die Presse, 2006-10-14. Retrieved on 2006-10-14. (German)
  37. ↑ Staff writer. ""Oldest republic" torn by poll-rig claims", The Australian, 2006-06-06. Retrieved on 2006-06-20.
  38. ↑ Staff writer. "Norway — so close to the EU, yet still so far away", EUbusiness, 2005-09-07. Retrieved on 2006-05-15.
  39. ↑ Staff writer. "Swiss government says EU membership still an option, but not for now", EUbusiness, 2005-10-26. Retrieved on 2006-05-15.
  40. ↑ Staff writer. "New Europe's leaders want a new enlargement to the east", EUbusiness, 2004-04-03. Retrieved on 2006-06-27.
  41. ↑ Staff writer. "Italian PM Berlusconi confident Russia will join EU", EUbusiness, 2005-11-17. Retrieved on 2006-05-15.
  42. ↑ Staff writer. "Poll shows Belarussians eyeing EU membership", EUbusiness, 2005-06-08. Retrieved on 2006-06-27.
  43. ↑ Staff writer. "Polish PM urges EU to support civil society in Belarus", EUbusiness, 2006-03-23. Retrieved on 2006-06-27.
  44. ↑ Staff writer. "EU sanctions must pressure Belarus regime, not people: Polish PM", EUbusiness, 2006-03-29. Retrieved on 2006-06-27.
  45. ↑ Staff writer. "EU vows to help end Belarus democratic 'winter'", EUbusiness, 2006-03-20. Retrieved on 2006-06-27.
  46. ↑ Staff writer. "EU reiterates support for Belarus opposition", EUbusiness, 2006-09-19. Retrieved on 2006-09-20.
  47. ↑ Ayliffe, Daisy. "EU tells Belarus what might have been", theparliament.com, 2006-11-21. Retrieved on 2006-11-21.
  48. ↑ Staff writer. "EU foreign ministers ready to thrash out new deal with Russia next year", International Herald Tribune, 2006-09-02. Retrieved on 2006-09-10.
  49. ↑ Staff writer. "Cape Verde PM discusses special partnership with EU", afrol News, 2005-11-15. Retrieved on 2006-05-06.
  50. ↑ Staff writer. "EU membership for Cape Verde proposed in Portugal", afrol News, 2005-03-16. Retrieved on 2006-05-06.
  51. ↑ Staff writer. "EU, Cape Verde display different interests in integration", afrol News, 2006-03-30. Retrieved on 2006-05-10.
  52. ↑ Staff writer. "Shalom considers asking to join the EU", Haaretz, 2003-05-21. Retrieved on 2006-09-09.
  53. ↑ Staff writer. "It's Time For Canada to Join the EU", Der Spiegel, 2005-03-03. Retrieved on 2006-09-10.
  54. ↑ Taylor, Paul. "EU sees expansion set to slow down", The Scotsman, 2006-05-19. Retrieved on 2006-05-21.
  55. ↑ Dombey, Daniel. "EU enlargement chief looks wistfully to Iceland", Financial Times, 2006-05-20. Retrieved on 2006-05-21.
  56. ↑ Staff writer. "Croatia front-runner for EU membership, says Rehn", EUbusiness, 2006-12-01. Retrieved on 2006-12-01.
  57. ↑ Staff writer. "Albania signed SAA agreement with EU", dtt–net, 2006-06-12. Retrieved on 2006-06-12.
  58. ↑ 58.0 58.1 Staff writer. "EU: Serbian and Montenegrin mandates modified", B92, 2006-07-24. Retrieved on 2006-07-25.
  59. ↑ Staff writer. "Montenegro resumes talks with EU on pre-entry deal", dtt–net, 2006-10-01. Retrieved on 2006-10-04.
  60. ↑ Staff writer. "EU, Montenegro complete negotiations on pre-membership deal to bring country closer to bloc", International Herald Tribune, 2006-12-01. Retrieved on 2006-12-01.
  61. ↑ Staff writer. "EU Suspends Talks on Closer Ties With Serbia", Deutsche Welle, 2005-05-03. Retrieved on 2006-05-23.
  62. ↑ Staff writer. "Bosnia can’t conclude SAA talks with EU without police reform", dtt–net, 2006-06-19. Retrieved on 2006-07-18.
  63. ↑ Staff writer. "EU says police reform blockade harming SAA talks with Bosnia", dtt–net, 2006-06-29. Retrieved on 2006-07-18.
  64. ↑ Staff writer. "Conclusion of EU-Bosnia SAA talks impossible without police reform", dtt–net, 2006-07-17. Retrieved on 2006-07-18.
  65. ↑ EUR-Lex (2005-04-15). Annex II — Overseas countries and territories to which Title IV of Part III of the Constitution applies. Treaty establishing a Constitution for Europe. Retrieved on 2006-05-19.
  66. ↑ Law, Gwillim (2005-11-19). Arrondissements of Guadeloupe. Statoids. Retrieved on 2006-02-21.
  67. ↑ New Zealand Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade (2006-07-04). Political Situation. French Polynesia Country Paper — March 2006. Retrieved on 2006-07-04.
  68. ↑ Staff writer. "French Polynesia: Chirac Doesn't Feel "Majority" of Tahitians Want Independence", Pacific Magazine, 2006-06-27. Retrieved on 2006-07-04.
  69. ↑ New Zealand Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade (2006-07-04). Political Situation. New Caledonia Country Paper — March 2006. Retrieved on 2006-07-04.
  70. ↑ European Commission (2005-08-18). Mayotte. Development — OCT. Retrieved on 2006-08-13.
  71. ↑ Law, Gwillim (2005-11-19). Netherlands Antilles. Statoids. Retrieved on 2006-02-21.
  72. ↑ European Commission (2005-11-10). 1990. The History of the European Union. Retrieved on 2006-01-18.
  73. ↑ World Statesmen.org (2006-07-27). Faeroe (Faroe) Islands. World Statesmen.org. Retrieved on 2006-08-31.
  74. ↑ Staff writer. "Faroes vs. the government: independence stand-off", The Copenhagen Post, 2001-02-09. Retrieved on 2006-08-31.
  75. ↑ Staff writer. "Regions and territories: Faroe Islands", BBC News, 2006-07-30. Retrieved on 2006-08-31.
  76. ↑ Staff writer. "Regions and territories: Greenland", BBC News, 2006-07-30. Retrieved on 2006-08-31.
  77. ↑ Staff writer. "Greenland to vote on independence before 2006", The Copenhagen Post, 2003-11-20. Retrieved on 2006-08-31.
  78. ↑ Kim, Sun Ah and Rodriguez, Diana. "Bermuda: Independence by any means; Governance as an obsession", Caribbean Net News, 2006-03-02. Retrieved on 2006-07-04.
  79. ↑ Best, Tony. "Montserrat, a long way to go", The Daily Nation, 2006-08-06. Retrieved on 2006-08-08.
  80. ↑ Staff writer. "Independence 'ultimate goal' for Turks & Caicos, says Chief Minister", Caribbean Net News, 2006-04-28. Retrieved on 2006-07-04.
  81. ↑ Staff writer. "UK prepared to back independence for Caribbean territories", Caribbean Net News, 2003-10-14. Retrieved on 2006-07-04.
  82. ↑ U.S. Library of Congress (2006-07-04). British Virgin Islands, Anguilla and Montserrat — Government and Politics. Country Studies — Caribbean Islands. Retrieved on 2006-07-04.
  83. ↑ U.S. Library of Congress (2006-07-04). Cayman Islands and the Turks and Caicos Islands — Government and Politics. Country Studies — Caribbean Islands. Retrieved on 2006-07-04.
  84. ↑ Staff writer. "Chief Ministers’ conference brings spirit of cooperation", Caribbean Net News, 2004-08-27. Retrieved on 2006-07-04.
  85. ↑ Staff writer. "Falklands’ Councillor does not rule out independence", MercoPress, 2006-06-25. Retrieved on 2006-07-05.
  86. ↑ United Nations Special Committee of 24 on Decolonization (2003-05-21). Quest for independence tempered by need for robust economic foundation, Caribbean regional seminar told this morning on second day of talks. Press release. Retrieved on 2006-07-05.
  87. ↑ Edelstein, Jonathan. "Pitcairn protest", The Head Heeb, 2004-12-21. Retrieved on 2006-07-05.
  88. ↑ Staff writer. "Court victory for Chagos families", BBC News, 2006-05-11. Retrieved on 2006-08-12.
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  92. ↑ Staff writer. "Athens and Nicosia confer on latest bid for Cyprus solution", Athens News Agency–Macedonian Press Agency, 2006-07-11. Retrieved on 2006-07-11.
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  94. ↑ European Commission (2006-08-01). The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia. Enlargement — Country Profile. Retrieved on 2006-08-31.
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  96. ↑ Staff writer. "Mallias: Name dialogue to resume after elections", Press Online, 2006-05-04. Retrieved on 2006-05-30.
  97. ↑ European Commission (2006-03-13). Potential Candidate Countries. Enlargement Countries. Retrieved on 2006-03-23.
  98. ↑ Staff writer. "Deputy FM Valynakis comments on FYROM elections", Athens News Agency–Macedonian Press Agency, 2006-07-11. Retrieved on 2006-07-11.
  99. ↑ Wood, Nicholas. "UN plans for Kosovo are delayed — Top negotiator cites Serbian elections", International Herald Tribune, 2006-11-10. Retrieved on 2006-11-11.
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